In parallel, some children with autism have a similar experience where development initially appears typical but at a certain age they start regressing (around 20 months) losing abilities such as communication ability i.e. Infants with Rett syndrome appear typical in their first six months but over time lose the abilities that they have gained such as rapid loss of coordination, muscle coordination, and speech. In terms of prevalence, Rett syndrome occurs in one of every 100,00 female births and is rare in boys due to the mutation occurring on the X-chromosome. It can present itself with a wide range of disabilities ranging from mild to severe and is dependent on the location, type of mutation and severity. The MECP2 gene has over 900 mutations occurring in eight different “hotspots”. The condition is a result of mutation on the X-chromosome on a gene called MECP2. Rett disorder or syndrome is a rare genetically inherited neurological disorder that is usually recognized amongst children between the ages of six to 18 months, almost exclusively in girls, and causes severe disabilities that affect the majority of their ordinary daily activities including eating, speaking, walking, and even breathing. Most of these conditions are genetically linked (to understand more about genetics, here’s an article on autism chromosomes that breaks some terminology down). The autism spectrum disorders include autism disorder, asperger’s disorder, and PDD. Neurodevelopmental disorders include a group of pervasive developmental disorders that include ASD, asperger’s syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), and Rett disorder. Now that we have an idea of the benefits of assessment and what they measure, let’s look at some conditions which resemble autism.
Which conditions resemble or can be mistaken for autism? Some specialists to consider for determining an accurate diagnosis include occupational therapists (OT), physical therapists (PT), neurologists, psychopharmacologists, psychologists, etc. Most test batteries use standardized diagnostic assessments these are standardized based on age group, gender, language, etc. Other assessments include those in the areas of motor function and behavior modification. These assessments measure “language production ability, language comprehension, gesture (including gaze and joint attention in young children), and nonverbal communication abilities, pragmatic and figurative language, rhythm, and content of speech,” according to McPartland, et al. Test batteries that assess adaptive skills determine functional deficits in cognitive functions which provide information about the child’s intellectual abilities. Additionally, psychological assessments that determine cognitive function help to gauge the social and communication abilities and are key to aid in the differentiation of cognitive impairments in autism versus other conditions. Psychological assessments study cognitive or developmental function, motor control, and executive functioning. Types of assessments that should be considered: Assessments should consider doing thorough analysis of developmental and health history.
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The series of comprehensive assessments that are used to determine a particular diagnosis are called test batteries. It is advisable that children who may show symptoms of ASD be referred to multidisciplinary assessments this helps to ensure that comprehensive assessments are done to differentiate autism spectrum disorders from other conditions with overlapping symptoms. It should also be beneficial for parents seeking answers for some symptoms experienced by their children. The article aims to provide parents of autistic children with an understanding of these conditions. In addition, it will highlight comorbid disorders that are commonly associated with ASD. This article aims to provide an overview of autism spectrum disorders and other pervasive developmental disorders that are found to be similar in symptoms, and break down their differences.
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So much so that every individual on the autism spectrum experiences a variety of symptoms different to the next person and many ASD symptoms can be found in other disorders similar to autism.Īutism is categorized by symptoms such as social interaction and social communication difficulties, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) other symptoms include sensory sensitivity and atypical behavior.ĭue to the many different characteristics of autism, some conditions resemble autism spectrum disorders due to similarities in traits. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a diverse array of markers and traits.
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